![]() When a finger touches the surface, waves are absorbed and a series of transducers and reflectors detects the point. Surface acoustic wave touch screens operate similar to infrared, except instead of infrared light, they send acoustic waves across the touch surface. This marine navigation system is able to maintain a bright display, is not affected when a boat starts bouncing around on the water, remains cool during long use, and can even be operated if the user is wearing gloves. One recent introduction with an integrated infrared screen is the 8000i from Northstar. This technology is susceptible to debris on the surface or anything that will disrupt the light waves traveling across the surface. The touch screens are very transparent and can be quite durable and are often found in military applications. The most common technology for infrared involves emitting infrared light across the surface of the touch screen and using an array of vertical and horizontal light sensors to detect interruptions in the light. For the iPhone, Apple contracted the screens to the German company, Balda. Another drawback is the screens cannot sense a touch if the user is wearing a glove. Capacitive screens are longer-lasting than resistive screens, but these screens can also be compromised by moisture on the touch surface. Capacitive touch panels sense the change in the alternating current applied to a conductive layer in the panel when it is touched by a finger. Capacitive touch screens come in two flavors: surface capacitive and projected capacitive. The Apple iPhone is an impressive advance in the use of capacitive touch and popularized multi-touch commands for the general public. Capacitive Microsoft Surface is a 30-inch touch-sensitive display that turns an ordinary tabletop into an interactive computer. The clarity and readability of the display is also compromised because the layers used to register touch reduce transparency. Resistive screens are susceptible to damage from sharp objects, repeated use, or excessive force. The technology senses touch when a user presses the screen, bringing together two layers of sensing resistive film that determine the location of the touch. The most common and often the least expensive touch screen technology, resistive touch can be found in many PDAs, retail registers, credit card readers, and ATMs. Touch screens can be classified into seven primary technologies from the more basic resistive touch screens to the newer developments in force panel technology. Many industrial settings and commercial applications that at one time were not qualified for touch screen interfaces are now prime candidates. Understanding the technology behind touch screens will better enable companies to assess and incorporate touch screens into their products and work environments. Employees now stand next to customers at a touch screen kiosk instead of working behind a counter, assisting with check-in only as needed. This allows the airlines to reduce the number of employees on staff and speed the check-in process for all customers. The Seattle- Tacoma airport recently underwent a dramatic renovation and replaced many of their traditional ticket counters with touch screen kiosks. Appleās innovative iPhone features a 3.5-inch (diagonal) widescreen multi-touch display that offers 480 - 320-pixel resolution at 163 ppi. There is even evidence that a significant percentage of the public now prefers touch screen kiosks to dealing directly with a customer service agent, and some grocery stores and home improvement stores have replaced express lanes with touch screen self-service kiosks. Consumers are getting more accustomed to the self-service environment as more kiosks and terminals become available at airports, grocery stores and even libraries. Applications include interactive mall directories, voting booths, industrial terminals, and GPS mapping devices. ![]() In many other products and across all industries, touch screens are becoming ubiquitous. Touch screens are changing the way we interact with technology and with iPhone, Apple has opened the floodgates of innovation for the function and design of handheld devices. What makes the iPhone so great? Touch screen technology. ![]()
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